1. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Main Supporters
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Type of projects
Eligible CDM projects include renewable energy, energy efficiency, methane capture, industrial processes and reforestation projects.
Methodologies
Methodologies approved by the UN are used to quantify emissions reductions, determine the baseline scenario (that is, the scenario without the implementation of the project) and demonstrate additionality. The project developers’ claims are verified by independent entities, called Designated Operational Entities (DOEs), such as Tüv Süd, DNV, SGS, and Tüv Rheinland.
Link to http://cdm.unfccc.int/index.html
2. Gold Standard (GS) projects
Main supporters
The Gold Standard Foundation is backed by the WWF and more than 50 other NGOs.
Type of projects
Eligible technologies under the Gold Standard include renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Projects that reduce methane emissions through the capture of landfill gas or biogas also qualify if the gas is combusted to generate electricity.
Methodologies
The Gold Standard requires projects to apply CDM methodologies approved by the UN, and additional procedures that include consulting local stakeholders to determine the project’s social, environmental and economic benefits to local communities.
Currently, there are two types of Gold Standard projects:
1) CDM projects which also seek registration from the Gold Standard Foundation to obtain Gold Standard CDM status;
2) Voluntary projects, taking place in countries which have not ratified the Kyoto protocol or do not have a target under the Kyoto Protocol (non-CDM). These projects seek registration from the Gold Standard Foundation to obtain Gold Standard VER status.
Link to www.cdmgoldstandard.org
3. Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) projects
Main supporters
The main supporters are the International Emissions Trading Association and the World Economic Forum.
Type of projects
Eligible technologies under the VCS include: renewable energy, energy efficiency, methane capture, industrial processes and land use and forestry, including those that combat deforestation.
Methodologies
VCS projects may utilise CDM or voluntary methodologies, which may or may not resemble CDM procedures. Obtaining VCS status is more straightforward than achieving CDM or Gold Standard certification, and is hence a more suitable standard for smaller projects.
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